{"id":198319,"date":"2026-11-12T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.everpuredata.com\/?p=198319"},"modified":"2026-11-11T08:56:24","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T16:56:24","slug":"nis2-recovery-drills","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.everpuredata.com\/fr\/purely-technical\/nis2-recovery-drills\/","title":{"rendered":"NIS2 et exercices de reprise : comment v\u00e9rifier que votre organisation peut r\u00e9ellement red\u00e9marrer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color has-pure-orange-100-border-color has-primary-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;border-top-left-radius:16px;border-top-right-radius:16px;border-bottom-left-radius:16px;border-bottom-right-radius:16px;padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-summary\">Synth\u00e8se<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un exercice de reprise permet de v\u00e9rifier si une organisation peut remettre en service ses applications et processus apr\u00e8s un incident, et pas seulement restaurer des donn\u00e9es. D\u00e9couvrez comment pr\u00e9parer ces exercices, \u00e9valuer les r\u00e9sultats et en tirer des enseignements, dans un contexte o\u00f9 la transposition fran\u00e7aise de NIS2 est en cours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-qu-est-ce-qu-un-exercice-de-reprise\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un exercice de reprise ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un exercice de reprise (\u00ab recovery drill \u00bb) est un test planifi\u00e9 qui simule l\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 ou la compromission d\u2019une ou de plusieurs applications importantes, puis v\u00e9rifie leur remise en service \u00e0 partir de points de sauvegarde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre retenu, il peut comprendre :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Un sc\u00e9nario de d\u00e9part : par exemple, une attaque par ran\u00e7ongiciel, une corruption logique d\u2019une base de donn\u00e9es ou l\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un site informatique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Un parcours de reprise : depuis les donn\u00e9es, le stockage et les sauvegardes jusqu\u2019aux bases de donn\u00e9es, aux applications, aux droits d\u2019acc\u00e8s et aux interfaces n\u00e9cessaires.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Une validation fonctionnelle : des crit\u00e8res v\u00e9rifiables pour d\u00e9terminer si l\u2019application est de nouveau utilisable, par exemple des tests d\u00e9finis avec les \u00e9quipes m\u00e9tier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Des mesures adapt\u00e9es aux objectifs : notamment le RTO (d\u00e9lai de remise en service) et le RPO (perte de donn\u00e9es maximale vis\u00e9e). Selon le contexte, le d\u00e9bit de restauration peut aussi \u00eatre utile pour rep\u00e9rer les goulets d\u2019\u00e9tranglement ; ce n\u2019est pas une mesure universelle impos\u00e9e par NIS2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019objectif n\u2019est pas seulement de constater qu\u2019une restauration technique a abouti : il s\u2019agit de v\u00e9rifier, autant que possible, le red\u00e9marrage du service ou du processus concern\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-pourquoi-les-exercices-de-reprise-sont-ils-importants-dans-le-contexte-de-nis2\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pourquoi les exercices de reprise sont-ils importants dans le contexte de NIS2 ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La directive europ\u00e9enne NIS2 d\u00e9finit un cadre de gestion des risques de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9silience. En France, sa transposition nationale est toujours en cours : le projet de loi relatif \u00e0 la r\u00e9silience des infrastructures critiques et au renforcement de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas une loi en vigueur. L\u2019ANSSI indique que les futures entit\u00e9s concern\u00e9es sont invit\u00e9es \u00e0 se pr\u00e9parer d\u00e8s \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent ; les ressources de pr\u00e9paration publi\u00e9es par l\u2019Agence, dont le ReCyF, ne doivent pas \u00eatre confondues avec des obligations fran\u00e7aises d\u00e9j\u00e0 applicables au titre de NIS2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les organisations, cette distinction n\u2019emp\u00eache pas de renforcer d\u00e8s maintenant leur capacit\u00e9 de reprise. Les exercices aident \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier si les sauvegardes et les proc\u00e9dures fonctionnent dans des conditions r\u00e9alistes, \u00e0 clarifier les r\u00f4les et \u00e0 faire appara\u00eetre les d\u00e9pendances techniques. Les organisations restent par ailleurs soumises aux r\u00e8gles qui leur sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 applicables, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, au titre de la r\u00e9glementation sectorielle, des contrats ou d\u2019autres textes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La directive et le projet fran\u00e7ais ne justifient pas d\u2019affirmer qu\u2019une fr\u00e9quence fixe d\u2019exercice, un format de preuve d\u00e9termin\u00e9 ou une mesure technique particuli\u00e8re s\u2019impose universellement \u00e0 toutes les organisations. La d\u00e9marche pertinente d\u00e9pend du p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre, des risques et des r\u00e8gles applicables \u00e0 chaque entit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-a-quelles-conditions-un-exercice-de-reprise-est-il-reussi\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00c0 quelles conditions un exercice de reprise est-il r\u00e9ussi ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une restauration qui se termine sans erreur ne suffit pas, \u00e0 elle seule, \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer qu\u2019un service est pr\u00eat \u00e0 red\u00e9marrer. Les crit\u00e8res suivants peuvent aider \u00e0 \u00e9valuer un exercice ; ils sont \u00e0 adapter aux objectifs et au contexte de l\u2019organisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les objectifs de reprise sont v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019exercice permet de comparer les r\u00e9sultats aux objectifs RTO et RPO d\u00e9finis pour le service concern\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les \u00e9carts, y compris les objectifs non atteints, sont consign\u00e9s et donnent lieu \u00e0 des actions de suivi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le service est de nouveau utilisable\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019application est accessible dans l\u2019environnement pr\u00e9vu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les responsables m\u00e9tier v\u00e9rifient les fonctions essentielles \u00e0 l\u2019aide de sc\u00e9narios de test adapt\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les d\u00e9pendances n\u00e9cessaires au processus \u2014 par exemple les interfaces ou les droits d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u2014 sont \u00e9galement prises en compte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La reprise est contr\u00f4l\u00e9e\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019\u00e9quipe v\u00e9rifie que le point de restauration choisi est appropri\u00e9 et que les contr\u00f4les de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pr\u00e9vus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elle recherche les signes d\u2019une compromission persistante avant de remettre le service \u00e0 disposition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Des m\u00e9canismes de protection contre la modification ou la suppression des sauvegardes peuvent faire partie de la strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9fense, selon l\u2019analyse de risques et l\u2019architecture retenue. Ils ne constituent pas, \u00e0 eux seuls, une exigence universelle de NIS2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les r\u00e9sultats sont mesur\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on utile\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le temps n\u00e9cessaire entre le lancement de la reprise et la validation fonctionnelle peut \u00eatre compar\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019objectif RTO.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le point de donn\u00e9es restaur\u00e9 peut \u00eatre compar\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019objectif RPO.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lorsque cela aide \u00e0 comprendre les performances ou les limites de l\u2019architecture, l\u2019\u00e9quipe peut aussi relever le volume restaur\u00e9, le d\u00e9bit observ\u00e9 ou les \u00e9tapes qui ont ralenti l\u2019op\u00e9ration. Aucun seuil universel de d\u00e9bit n\u2019est prescrit ici.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019exercice d\u00e9bouche sur des am\u00e9liorations\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les difficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es \u2014 proc\u00e9dures manquantes, capacit\u00e9 r\u00e9seau insuffisante ou responsabilit\u00e9s mal d\u00e9finies, par exemple \u2014 sont recens\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Des actions concr\u00e8tes sont attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 des responsables et suivies dans le temps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-qui-associer-a-l-exercice\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Qui associer \u00e0 l\u2019exercice ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un exercice de reprise gagne \u00e0 r\u00e9unir les \u00e9quipes qui con\u00e7oivent, exploitent et utilisent les services concern\u00e9s. L\u2019implication des responsables de l\u2019organisation aide \u00e0 clarifier les priorit\u00e9s, \u00e0 arbitrer les moyens et \u00e0 int\u00e9grer les enseignements dans la gouvernance. Cela ne signifie pas qu\u2019une responsabilit\u00e9 personnelle ou une sanction s\u2019applique automatiquement du seul fait de NIS2 en France, o\u00f9 la transposition reste en cours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Responsable s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou RSSI : contribue \u00e0 relier l\u2019exercice \u00e0 la gestion des risques, au choix des sc\u00e9narios et aux crit\u00e8res d\u2019acceptation ; partage les r\u00e9sultats avec les instances concern\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Direction informatique et responsables infrastructure\/stockage : d\u00e9finissent l\u2019architecture et le parcours de reprise, ainsi que les d\u00e9pendances li\u00e9es au stockage, au r\u00e9seau et aux ressources de calcul.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Responsables continuit\u00e9 d\u2019activit\u00e9 et reprise apr\u00e8s sinistre : coordonnent le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre, le calendrier, les interfaces avec la gestion de crise et la mise \u00e0 jour des proc\u00e9dures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Responsables applicatifs et bases de donn\u00e9es : pr\u00e9parent les tests fonctionnels et v\u00e9rifient que les services restaur\u00e9s r\u00e9pondent aux besoins op\u00e9rationnels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c9quipes de supervision et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle : surveillent l\u2019environnement pendant l\u2019exercice et, si cela est pr\u00e9vu, examinent les \u00e9v\u00e9nements li\u00e9s aux sauvegardes et au stockage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-que-documenter\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Que documenter ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il n\u2019existe pas ici de format de compte rendu universellement impos\u00e9 au titre de NIS2. Pour faciliter l\u2019analyse interne, la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de l\u2019exercice et les \u00e9changes avec les parties prenantes concern\u00e9es, l\u2019organisation peut conserver des informations telles que :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le cadrage de l\u2019exercice : date, dur\u00e9e, syst\u00e8mes et applications concern\u00e9s, p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre et objectif.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le sc\u00e9nario et les hypoth\u00e8ses : nature de l\u2019incident simul\u00e9 et ressources consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme disponibles, comme les \u00e9quipes, la connectivit\u00e9 ou les copies de sauvegarde.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le d\u00e9roulement technique : points de restauration utilis\u00e9s et principales \u00e9tapes, de la restauration des donn\u00e9es jusqu\u2019au d\u00e9marrage et \u00e0 la validation de l\u2019application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les r\u00e9sultats : objectifs RTO\/RPO, r\u00e9sultats observ\u00e9s et, si cela est utile, volumes, d\u00e9lais ou performances mesur\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019analyse et le plan d\u2019action : r\u00e9ussites, difficult\u00e9s, mesures correctives, responsables et \u00e9ch\u00e9ances.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La plateforme de stockage est l\u2019un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de cette cha\u00eene : elle h\u00e9berge ou met \u00e0 disposition les donn\u00e9es \u00e0 partir desquelles la reprise s\u2019effectue. Les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019exercice d\u00e9pendent toutefois aussi des bases de donn\u00e9es, des applications, du r\u00e9seau, des proc\u00e9dures et des \u00e9quipes. La contribution de chaque composant doit \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9e dans l\u2019environnement r\u00e9el de l\u2019organisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-a-quelle-frequence-s-exercer\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00c0 quelle fr\u00e9quence s\u2019exercer ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fr\u00e9quence doit \u00eatre d\u00e9termin\u00e9e en fonction des risques, des priorit\u00e9s m\u00e9tier, des \u00e9volutions de l\u2019environnement et des r\u00e8gles applicables \u00e0 l\u2019organisation. Cet article ne pr\u00e9sente pas de fr\u00e9quence fixe comme une exigence universelle de NIS2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une organisation peut envisager un exercice plus complet pour les services prioritaires, puis des tests cibl\u00e9s apr\u00e8s une \u00e9volution importante de l\u2019architecture, l\u2019ajout d\u2019une application essentielle ou un incident pertinent. Le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre et le rythme sont \u00e0 adapter aux objectifs de reprise et aux capacit\u00e9s disponibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019essentiel est de tirer des enseignements des tests et de v\u00e9rifier que les am\u00e9liorations d\u00e9cid\u00e9es ont bien \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en compte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les \u00e9quipes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la direction informatique et les responsables m\u00e9tier, les exercices de reprise sont un moyen concret de confronter les plans \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle. Ils permettent de v\u00e9rifier que les sauvegardes, les proc\u00e9dures, les responsabilit\u00e9s et les d\u00e9pendances techniques s\u2019articulent comme pr\u00e9vu \u2014 et de rep\u00e9rer ce qui doit \u00eatre am\u00e9lior\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans le contexte fran\u00e7ais, cette d\u00e9marche est une pr\u00e9paration pragmatique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution du cadre NIS2, dont la transposition reste en cours ; elle ne doit pas \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme la preuve d\u2019une conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 une loi fran\u00e7aise NIS2 d\u00e9j\u00e0 entr\u00e9e en vigueur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le stockage est une composante importante de la capacit\u00e9 de reprise, mais il ne garantit pas, \u00e0 lui seul, le red\u00e9marrage d\u2019un service. Everpure peut contribuer \u00e0 la r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019infrastructure de donn\u00e9es et sa place dans l\u2019architecture de r\u00e9silience ; les r\u00e9sultats d\u00e9pendent de la configuration mise en \u0153uvre et de l\u2019ensemble du parcours de reprise.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une restauration r\u00e9ussie ne garantit pas \u00e0 elle seule qu\u2019un service est pr\u00eat \u00e0 red\u00e9marrer. D\u00e9couvrez comment les exercices de reprise peuvent tester les objectifs RTO et RPO, la validation fonctionnelle et les d\u00e9pendances, puis aider les \u00e9quipes \u00e0 d\u00e9finir des am\u00e9liorations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":790,"featured_media":197884,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[12962,12958,13870,327,1],"tags":[],"content-position":[],"ppma_author":[16438],"class_list":["post-198319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-purely-technical","category-perspectives","category-solutions","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>NIS2 : r\u00e9ussir vos exercices de reprise<\/title>\n<meta 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